A 155 lb., 60-year-old man had a chronic productive
A 155 lb., 60-year-old man had a chronic productive cough, exertional dyspnea, mild cyanosis, and marked slowing of forced expiration. His pulmonary function and laboratory tests follow:
Frequency 15 breaths/min
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Alveolar ventilation 4.1 L/min
Vital capacity (VC) 2.2 L
Functional residual capacity (FRC) 4.0 L
Total lung capacity (TLC) 5.2 L
Maximum inspiratory flow rate 252 L/min
Maximum expiratory flow rate 21 L/min
PaO2 63 mm Hg
PaCO2 38 mm Hg
Pulmonary function tests after bronchodilator therapy:
Frequency 15 breaths/min
Alveolar ventilation 4.25 L/min
VC 2.4 L
FRC 4.0 L
TLC 5.2 L
Maximum inspiratory flow rate 252 L/min
Maximum expiratory flow rate 24 L/min
PaO2 63 mm Hg
PaCO2 37 mm Hg
Q1: What is the disorder of this man?
Q2: Is this mainly a restrictive or an obstructive disorder? Explain.
Q3: Why is the bronchodilator therapy ineffective for this patient?
Q4: What causes the hypoxemia?
Q5: Calculate the residual volume (RV) for this person before and after the bronchodilator therapy. RV = TLC – VC.
Q6: What is the cause of this altered RV?
Q7: Calculate the tidal volume (TV) for this person before and after the bronchodilator therapy. TV = AV/f + patient body weight. Hint: TV is calculated in mL, so you will need to convert L to mL before completing the equation.
Q8: Is each TV normal or altered?
Q9: Calculate the minute ventilation (MV) for this person before and after the bronchodilator therapy. MV = TV × f
Q10: Is each MV normal or altered?
